nginx学习笔记

2017-06-14

nginx能做什么

全面了解Nginx主要应用场景

反向代理

负载均衡 RR(默认) 权重 ip_hash fair url_hash

http服务器

正向代理

反向代理（ReverseProxy）就是通过代理服务器来接受internet的连接请求然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将服务器上得到的结果返回给请求客户端

server{
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    client_max_body_size 10M;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
    }
}
保存配置文件后重启 nginx 这样当我们访问localhost 相当于访问localhost:8080了

常用实例采用nginx反向代理来解决跨域问题

location /api {
rewrite  ^.+apis/?(.*)$ /$1 break;
include  uwsgi_params;
   proxy_pass   http://localhost:1894;
}}

这样更改请求地址为 /api 虚拟的路径和访问的静态页面就处于同源了
可以使用这样的来处理跨域问题

负载均衡

默认按照请求顺序分配到不同的后端服务器如果后端服务器down掉能自己剔除
简单配置如下：

upstream test{
  #  server localhost: 8081 weight=3; server localhost: 8081 weight=7; 权重
  # ip_hast 
  # fair 按照响应时间来分配 分配时间短的优先分配 需要第三方拓展包
    server localhost:8081;
    server localhost:8080;
}
server {
    listen 81;
    server_name localhost;
    client_max_body_size 1024M;
    
    localtion / {
        proxy_pass http://test;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
    }
    
    
    
}

HTTP 服务器

eg1: 静态资源服务器

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    client_max_body_size 1024M;
    
    location / {
        root e:\wwwrooot;
        index index.html;
    }
}

动静分离

upstream test {
    server localhost:8080;
    server localhost:8081;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    
    location / {
        root e:\wwwroot;
        index index.html;
    }
    
    # 所有静态请求都有nginx处理 存放目录为html
    location ~ \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|css|js)$ {
        root e:\wwwroot;
    }
    
    # 动态请求 交由代理服务处理
    location ~ \.(jsp|do|action)$ {
        proxy_pass http://test;
    }
    
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html
    location = /50x.html {
        root e:\wwwroot;
    }
    
}

这样的话我们可以把html 等静态资源放在文件目录下动态的话可以根据 localtion后面的正则匹配到代理服务器上

linux

nginx -s reload

window 热重启

nginx.exe -s reload

代码示例 12308 测试环境

nginx.conf base 通过载入 /nginx_vhos/ 目录下的所有文件
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx_vhost/*.conf

[dubbo@hd-node2 conf]$ vi nginx.conf
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    server_tokens       off;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    gzip                on;
    gzip_comp_level     5;
    gzip_min_length     1k;
    gzip_buffers        4 16k;
    gzip_disable        "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
    gzip_types          text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json;
    gzip_http_version   1.0;
    gzip_vary           on;
    log_format main '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$request_time" $request_body "$upstream_response_time"';
    access_log on;
    server_names_hash_max_size    4096;
}
http {
    include       /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile            on;
    output_buffers      1 128k;
    log_not_found       off;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    server_tokens       off;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    gzip                on;
    gzip_comp_level     5;
    gzip_min_length     1k;
    gzip_buffers        4 16k;
    gzip_disable        "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
    gzip_types          text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json;
    gzip_http_version   1.0;
    gzip_vary           on;
    log_format main '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$request_time" $request_body "$upstream_response_time"';
    access_log on;
    server_names_hash_max_size    4096;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size     32k;
    large_client_header_buffers   4 32k;
    client_max_body_size          100m;
    proxy_connect_timeout         5;
    proxy_read_timeout            60;
    proxy_send_timeout            5;
    proxy_buffer_size             16k;
    proxy_buffers                 4 64k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size       128k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size    128k;
    proxy_hide_header             Vary;
    proxy_set_header              Accept-Encoding ”;
    proxy_set_header              Host    $host;
    proxy_set_header              Referer $http_referer;
    proxy_set_header              Cookie  $http_cookie;
    proxy_set_header              X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header              X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx_vhost/*.conf;
}